To explore the effect of midazolam combined with diazepam on the prevention of convulsion recurrence in children with febrile convulsion, the adverse drug reactions, as well as the effects on language development, intellectual development and motor function development.

Eighty-four children with febrile convulsion given treatment from January to December 2017 in Meizhou People’s Hospital and Chaozhou People’s Hospital were selected as the study subjects. According to the random number method, the patients were divided into observation group and control group, with 42 patients in each group. Meanwhile, according to the age group of the children, they were divided into 6 months to 2 years old and 2-6 years old. The observation group was treated with midazolam combined with diazepam, while the control group was treated with diazepam. Then, the rates of recurrent febrile convulsion, adverse drug reactions, and the differences in language development quotient (DQ), mental development index (MDI) and psychomotive development index (PDI) in the bailey infant and child development scale were compared between the two groups during the 2-year follow-up period corresponding to two age bracket.

Six months to 2 years of age, the observation group of children with febrile convulsions recurrence rate is lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=4.251, P=0.039), aged 2-6 years old age group, two groups of children with hot convulsions recurrence rate no statistical differences (χ²=0.555, P=0.458), the observation group convulsion recurrence rate is lower than the control group, the total thermal resistance difference was statistically significant (χ²=4.141, P=0.042). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions at different ages (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in DQ, MDI or PDI at the age of 6 months to 2 years old (P>0.05). After treatment, children in the observation group had statistically significant differences in DQ and MDI scores in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in PDI (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in DQ, MDI and PDI before and after treatment in children aged 2-6 years old (P>0.05).

Single dose midazolam combined with diazepam can reduce the recurrence rate of convulsion in children with febrile convulsion from 6 months to 2 years old, without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions, and the language development and intellectual development of the patients can be effectively improved. However, this method has no obvious clinical benefit for children with febrile convulsion from 2-6 years old.