New advances in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with extracellular vesicles

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-123X.2024.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles （EV），as important mediators of intercellular communication，can stably carry proteins，lipids，nucleic acids，and other substances. Their surface shares specific markers with the parent cells，making them highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.Multiple sclerosis （MS） is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system，and there are currently no specific diagnostic markers for it. In recent years，the incidence and prevalence of MS have gradually increased. EV can assist in clarifying the clinical diagnosis of MS，distinguishing clinical subtypes，monitoring disease relapse，and predicting disease prognosis，which has attracted increasing attention.This article reviews the application of EV in the clinical diagnosis of MS.

Key words: Extracellular vesicle, Multiple sclerosis, Diagnosis, Disease classification, Recurrence, Prognosis

Zhimian Zhang, Xiaoling Li. New advances in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with extracellular vesicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Brain Diseases and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2024, 14(06): 373-378.

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References 43

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特异性标志物	来源	用途	参考文献
α -1微球蛋白、纤维蛋白原β链、补体成分C1S、凝胶溶素、Talin-1	免疫系统EV	诊断	Torres Iglesias等^[22]，2023
T细胞源性EV、NDEV、ODEV	外周血EV
CNS-EEV	中枢神经系统内皮细胞	诊断	Mazzucco等^[25]，2022
自身反应性MBP抗体	外周血B细胞	诊断	Torres Iglesias等^[26]，2023
MBP含量	ODEV	诊断	Agliardi等^[27]，2023
EAAT2	星形胶质细胞	复发	D'Ambrosio等^[28]，2024
CX3CR1⁺/UCHL1⁺ EV、NMDAR2A⁺EV、NFL⁺EV	小胶质细胞巨噬细胞	诊断	Duan等^[29]，2024
抗EBNA-1抗体、抗-VCA抗体	外周血EV	诊断	Fernández-Fournier等^[32]，2023
突触足蛋白、突触素	NDEV	分型	Bhargava等^[33]，2020
miR-711、miR-5094、miR-4697-5p miR-16-5p、miR-451a、miR-4787-5p、miR-135b-5p miR-711、miR-4697-5p、miR-4787-5p、miR-1909-3p、miR-1909-3p、miR-135b-5p	外周血EV	分型	Cuomo-Haymour等^[34]，2022
miR-1246、miR-134-5p、miR-379-5p、miR-370-3p、miR-382-5p、miR-493-3p、miR-432-5p、miR-375、miR-485-5p、miR-411-5p、miR-323b-3p、miR-889-3p、miR-19b-3p、miR-122-5p、miR-127-3p	外周血EV	预后	Ebrahimkhani等^[35]，2020
线粒体复合体Ⅳ、线粒体复合体Ⅴ	NEEV	预后	Ladakis等^[37]，2022
突触蛋白	NEEV	预后	Ladakis等^[39]，2024

特异性标志物	来源	用途	参考文献
α -1微球蛋白、纤维蛋白原β链、补体成分C1S、凝胶溶素、Talin-1	免疫系统EV	诊断	Torres Iglesias等^[22]，2023
T细胞源性EV、NDEV、ODEV	外周血EV
CNS-EEV	中枢神经系统内皮细胞	诊断	Mazzucco等^[25]，2022
自身反应性MBP抗体	外周血B细胞	诊断	Torres Iglesias等^[26]，2023
MBP含量	ODEV	诊断	Agliardi等^[27]，2023
EAAT2	星形胶质细胞	复发	D'Ambrosio等^[28]，2024
CX3CR1⁺/UCHL1⁺ EV、NMDAR2A⁺EV、NFL⁺EV	小胶质细胞巨噬细胞	诊断	Duan等^[29]，2024
抗EBNA-1抗体、抗-VCA抗体	外周血EV	诊断	Fernández-Fournier等^[32]，2023
突触足蛋白、突触素	NDEV	分型	Bhargava等^[33]，2020
miR-711、miR-5094、miR-4697-5p miR-16-5p、miR-451a、miR-4787-5p、miR-135b-5p miR-711、miR-4697-5p、miR-4787-5p、miR-1909-3p、miR-1909-3p、miR-135b-5p	外周血EV	分型	Cuomo-Haymour等^[34]，2022
miR-1246、miR-134-5p、miR-379-5p、miR-370-3p、miR-382-5p、miR-493-3p、miR-432-5p、miR-375、miR-485-5p、miR-411-5p、miR-323b-3p、miR-889-3p、miR-19b-3p、miR-122-5p、miR-127-3p	外周血EV	预后	Ebrahimkhani等^[35]，2020
线粒体复合体Ⅳ、线粒体复合体Ⅴ	NEEV	预后	Ladakis等^[37]，2022
突触蛋白	NEEV	预后	Ladakis等^[39]，2024

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