Characteristics and influencing factors of dysphagia in Parkinson disease patients

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-123X.2026.04.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the characteristics of swallowing disorders and their influencing factors in Parkinson disease (PD) patients, aiming to provide a reference for the early detection, diagnosis, and intervention of swallowing disorders in this population.

Methods

Thirty-four PD patients admitted to The Eighth People's Hospital of Longgang District in Shenzhen from June 2023 to April 2025 were consecutively enrolled. Their general data, characteristics of swallowing disorders, and the relationship with disease duration and cognitive function were analyzed. The characteristics of swallowing disorders were analyzed using the incidence rates of various manifestations, and influencing factors were analyzed using binary Logistic regression.

Results

Among the 34 PD patients, swallowing delay had the highest incidence (88.2%), followed by premature spillage and residue (both 55.9%). As the intake volume increased, the incidence rates of all three swallowing disorder manifestations showed a significant upward trend (P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that disease duration was not an independent influencing factor for swallowing delay, premature spillage or residue (P>0.05). The MoCA score was an independent protective factor for premature spillage with 10 mL low-thickened and 5 mL high-thickened boluses, and an independent risk factor for residue with 5 mL high-thickened boluses (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

Swallowing delay was a common feature of dysphagia in PD patients, with the risk of swallowing impairments rising as bolus volume increased. MoCA-evaluated cognitive function was associated with premature spillage and residue, whereas disease duration had no significant impact on these three swallowing outcomes.

Key words: Parkinson disease, Dysphagia, Cognitive function, Risk factors

Wanlan Zhang, Lifang Zhang, Qiaoyi Huang, Weiwei Huang, Keyi Chen, Xing Jiang. Characteristics and influencing factors of dysphagia in Parkinson disease patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Brain Diseases and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 16(04): 220-225.

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References 33

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分类	稠度	食团量			χ²值	P值
分类	稠度	3 mL	5 mL	10 mL	χ²值	P值
	低稠	4（11.76）	5（14.71）	13（38.24）	16.222	<0.001
提前溢出	中稠	0	1（2.94）	9（26.47）	16.222	<0.001
	高稠	5（14.71）	7（20.59）	12（35.29）	7.091	0.029
	低稠	11（32.35）	18（52.94）	22（64.71）	16.909	<0.001
吞咽延迟	中稠	10（29.41）	18（52.94）	23（67.65）	17.200	<0.001
	高稠	13（38.24）	22（64.71）	26（76.47）	20.462	<0.001
	低稠	5（14.71）	14（41.18）	14（41.18）	16.200	<0.001
残留	中稠	5（14.71）	8（23.53）	14（41.18）	14.000	0.001
	高稠	7（20.59）	15（44.12）	17（50.00）	15.273	<0.001

分类	稠度	食团量			χ²值	P值
分类	稠度	3 mL	5 mL	10 mL	χ²值	P值
	低稠	4（11.76）	5（14.71）	13（38.24）	16.222	<0.001
提前溢出	中稠	0	1（2.94）	9（26.47）	16.222	<0.001
	高稠	5（14.71）	7（20.59）	12（35.29）	7.091	0.029
	低稠	11（32.35）	18（52.94）	22（64.71）	16.909	<0.001
吞咽延迟	中稠	10（29.41）	18（52.94）	23（67.65）	17.200	<0.001
	高稠	13（38.24）	22（64.71）	26（76.47）	20.462	<0.001
	低稠	5（14.71）	14（41.18）	14（41.18）	16.200	<0.001
残留	中稠	5（14.71）	8（23.53）	14（41.18）	14.000	0.001
	高稠	7（20.59）	15（44.12）	17（50.00）	15.273	<0.001

项目		偏回归系数	标准误	Wald值	P值	OR值	95%CI
提前溢出
	3 mL	0.227	0.159	2.037	0.154	1.254	0.919~1.713
低稠	5 mL	0.146	0.144	1.022	0.312	1.157	0.872~1.535
	10 mL	-0.006	0.114	0.003	0.960	0.994	0.796~1.243
	3 mL	-	-	-	-	-	-
中稠	5 mL	0.223	0.262	0.724	0.395	1.250	0.748~2.091
	10 mL	-0.038	0.129	0.088	0.766	0.962	0.747~1.239
	3 mL	0.210	0.148	2.006	0.157	1.233	0.923~1.648
高稠	5 mL	0.124	0.130	0.909	0.340	1.132	0.877~1.463
	10 mL	0.037	0.114	0.106	0.745	1.038	0.829~1.299
吞咽延迟
	3 mL	-0.087	0.127	0.477	0.490	0.916	0.715~1.174
低稠	5 mL	0.027	0.111	0.061	0.805	1.028	0.827~1.278
	10 mL	0.029	0.117	0.063	0.802	1.030	0.818~1.296
	3 mL	0.062	0.119	0.275	0.600	1.064	0.843~1.343
中稠	5 mL	0.133	0.120	1.221	0.269	1.142	0.902~1.446
	10 mL	0.087	0.127	0.477	0.490	1.091	0.852~1.399
	3 mL	-0.019	0.114	0.027	0.870	0.981	0.784~1.228
高稠	5 mL	-0.011	0.115	0.009	0.924	0.989	0.790~1.239
	10 mL	0.002	0.130	0.000	0.988	1.002	0.776~1.293
残留
	3 mL	-0.190	0.196	0.941	0.332	0.827	0.563~1.214
低稠	5 mL	-0.117	0.122	0.920	0.338	0.890	0.701~1.130
	10 mL	-0.034	0.114	0.092	0.762	0.966	0.773~1.207
	3 mL	0.125	0.144	0.751	0.386	1.133	0.854~1.504
中稠	5 mL	0.031	0.127	0.060	0.807	1.032	0.804~1.324
	10 mL	-0.074	0.117	0.403	0.526	0.928	0.738~1.168
	3 mL	0.021	0.134	0.024	0.876	1.021	0.785~1.329
高稠	5 mL	-0.132	0.122	1.173	0.279	0.876	0.690~1.113
	10 mL	-0.149	0.121	1.517	0.218	0.861	0.679~1.092

项目		偏回归系数	标准误	Wald值	P值	OR值	95%CI
提前溢出
	3 mL	0.227	0.159	2.037	0.154	1.254	0.919~1.713
低稠	5 mL	0.146	0.144	1.022	0.312	1.157	0.872~1.535
	10 mL	-0.006	0.114	0.003	0.960	0.994	0.796~1.243
	3 mL	-	-	-	-	-	-
中稠	5 mL	0.223	0.262	0.724	0.395	1.250	0.748~2.091
	10 mL	-0.038	0.129	0.088	0.766	0.962	0.747~1.239
	3 mL	0.210	0.148	2.006	0.157	1.233	0.923~1.648
高稠	5 mL	0.124	0.130	0.909	0.340	1.132	0.877~1.463
	10 mL	0.037	0.114	0.106	0.745	1.038	0.829~1.299
吞咽延迟
	3 mL	-0.087	0.127	0.477	0.490	0.916	0.715~1.174
低稠	5 mL	0.027	0.111	0.061	0.805	1.028	0.827~1.278
	10 mL	0.029	0.117	0.063	0.802	1.030	0.818~1.296
	3 mL	0.062	0.119	0.275	0.600	1.064	0.843~1.343
中稠	5 mL	0.133	0.120	1.221	0.269	1.142	0.902~1.446
	10 mL	0.087	0.127	0.477	0.490	1.091	0.852~1.399
	3 mL	-0.019	0.114	0.027	0.870	0.981	0.784~1.228
高稠	5 mL	-0.011	0.115	0.009	0.924	0.989	0.790~1.239
	10 mL	0.002	0.130	0.000	0.988	1.002	0.776~1.293
残留
	3 mL	-0.190	0.196	0.941	0.332	0.827	0.563~1.214
低稠	5 mL	-0.117	0.122	0.920	0.338	0.890	0.701~1.130
	10 mL	-0.034	0.114	0.092	0.762	0.966	0.773~1.207
	3 mL	0.125	0.144	0.751	0.386	1.133	0.854~1.504
中稠	5 mL	0.031	0.127	0.060	0.807	1.032	0.804~1.324
	10 mL	-0.074	0.117	0.403	0.526	0.928	0.738~1.168
	3 mL	0.021	0.134	0.024	0.876	1.021	0.785~1.329
高稠	5 mL	-0.132	0.122	1.173	0.279	0.876	0.690~1.113
	10 mL	-0.149	0.121	1.517	0.218	0.861	0.679~1.092

项目		偏回归系数	标准误	Wald值	P值	OR值	95%CI
提前溢出
	3 mL	-0.085	0.093	0.840	0.359	0.918	0.765~1.102
低稠	5 mL	-0.067	0.083	0.646	0.421	0.935	0.795~1.101
	10 mL	-0.165	0.079	4.372	0.037	0.848	0.726~0.990
	3 mL	-0.138	0.155	0.794	0.373	0.871	0.643~1.180
中稠	5 mL	-	-	-	-	-	-
	10 mL	-0.066	0.067	0.956	0.328	0.936	0.820~1.069
	3 mL	-0.190	0.107	3.166	0.075	0.827	0.671~1.019
高稠	5 mL	-0.162	0.082	3.910	0.048	0.851	0.725~0.999
	10 mL	-0.044	0.063	0.479	0.489	0.957	0.845~1.084
吞咽延迟
	3 mL	-0.097	0.068	2.031	0.154	0.907	0.793~1.037
低稠	5 mL	-0.105	0.073	2.087	0.149	0.900	0.780~1.038
	10 mL	-0.167	0.096	3.034	0.082	0.847	0.702~1.021
	3 mL	-0.075	0.067	1.262	0.261	0.928	0.815~1.057
中稠	5 mL	-0.122	0.076	2.574	0.109	0.885	0.763~1.027
	10 mL	-0.058	0.075	0.594	0.441	0.944	0.815~1.093
	3 mL	-0.093	0.067	1.912	0.167	0.911	0.799~1.040
高稠	5 mL	-0.137	0.084	2.629	0.105	0.872	0.739~1.029
	10 mL	-0.150	0.101	2.207	0.137	0.860	0.706~1.049
残留
	3 mL	0.006	0.081	0.005	0.943	1.006	0.858~1.180
低稠	5 mL	0.057	0.064	0.780	0.377	1.058	0.933~1.200
	10 mL	0.045	0.063	0.496	0.481	1.046	0.924~1.184
	3 mL	0.261	0.158	2.721	0.099	1.299	0.952~1.772
中稠	5 mL	0.063	0.076	0.699	0.403	1.066	0.918~1.236
	10 mL	0.078	0.066	1.380	0.240	1.081	0.949~1.231
	3 mL	0.105	0.089	1.403	0.236	1.111	0.933~1.323
高稠	5 mL	0.306	0.120	6.526	0.011	1.359	1.074~1.719
	10 mL	0.128	0.072	3.187	0.074	1.136	0.988~1.308

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