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中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (01) : 37 -44. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-123X.2024.01.005

临床研究

颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝的风险因素分析
潘晓帆(), 徐勤义, 陆瑨, 王丹, 刘路路, 董万利   
  1. 214187 江苏无锡,无锡市惠山区人民医院神经内科
    214187 江苏无锡,无锡市惠山区人民医院神经外科
    215006 苏州,苏州大学附属第一医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-27 出版日期:2024-02-15
  • 通信作者: 潘晓帆

Risk factors analysis of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms

Xiaofan Pan(), Qinyi Xu, Jin Lu, Dan Wang, Lulu Liu, Wanli Dong   

  1. Department of Neurology, Huishan District People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi 214187 China
    Department of Neurosurgery, Huishan District People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi 214187 China
    Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, China
  • Received:2023-03-27 Published:2024-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Xiaofan Pan
  • Supported by:
    Wuxi Municipal Health Commission General Research Project(M202232, MS201819)
引用本文:

潘晓帆, 徐勤义, 陆瑨, 王丹, 刘路路, 董万利. 颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝的风险因素分析[J]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(01): 37-44.

Xiaofan Pan, Qinyi Xu, Jin Lu, Dan Wang, Lulu Liu, Wanli Dong. Risk factors analysis of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms[J]. Chinese Journal of Brain Diseases and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2024, 14(01): 37-44.

目的

探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝的风险因素,并据此建立预测介入术后并发脑疝风险的列线图模型。

方法

回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年10月在无锡市惠山区人民医院神经内科行介入术治疗的398例颅内动脉瘤破裂患者的临床资料。根据术后脑疝并发情况将患者分为并发组与未并发组,对比2组患者的临床资料。采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝的危险因素,根据多因素分析结果构建颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝风险的预测列线图模型,采用Bootstrap法内部验证列线图模型,并使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估该模型的预测效能。

结果

398例患者中有48例术后发生脑疝(并发组),脑疝并发率为12.06%,余350例纳入未并发组。并发组高血压史、入院时Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ~Ⅴ级、入院时CT Fisher分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、入院时世界神经外科联合会(WFNS)分级Ⅲ~Ⅴ级、手术时间>2 h、脑积水、脑水肿、宽颈动脉瘤及动脉瘤再次破裂的占比均高于未并发组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高血压史、入院时Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ~Ⅴ级、入院时CT Fisher分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、入院时WFNS分级Ⅲ~Ⅴ级、手术时间>2 h、宽颈动脉瘤、脑水肿、动脉瘤再次破裂均是颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于上述多因素分析结果构建的列线图模型,一致性指数0.841,ROC曲线显示该列线图模型预测颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝风险的曲线下面积为0.836(95%CI:0.785~0.879,P<0.001),灵敏度为83.33%,特异度为75.93%。

结论

高血压史、入院时Hunt-Hess分级、入院时CT Fisher分级、入院时WFNS分级、手术时间、宽颈动脉瘤、脑水肿、动脉瘤再次破裂均是颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝的风险因素,基于此构建的预测列线图模型具有良好的区分度,且预测效能较高,可为临床早期个体化预测脑疝并发风险、识别高危患者提供参考。

Objective

To explore the risk factors of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms, and to establish a nomogram model to predict the risk of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery accordingly.

Methods

The clinical data of 398 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms who underwent interventional surgery therapy in Department of Neurology of Huishan District People's Hospital of Wuxi City from January 2017 to October 2022 were analyzed retrospectively, and they were divided into concurrent group and non-concurrent group according to the complications of postoperative cerebral hernia. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis method, and a nomogram model for predicting the risk of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms was constructed according to the results of multivariate analysis, and Bootstrap method was used to internally verify the nomogram model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of the nomogram model.

Results

A total of 48 cases of 398 patients developed cerebral hernia after operation (the concurrent group), and the complication rate of cerebral hernia was 12.06%, and the rest were the non-concurrent group (350 cases). The proportions of hypertension history, Hunt-Hess grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ at admission, CT Fisher grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ at admission, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ at admission, operation time>2 h, hydrocephalus, brain edema, wide necked aneurysms and re rupture of aneurysms in the concurrent group were higher than those in the non-concurrent group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of hypertension, Hunt-Hess grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ at admission, CT Fisher grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ at admission, WFNS grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ at admission, operation time>2 h, wide necked aneurysms, brain edema and re rupture of aneurysms were the risk factors of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms (P<0.05). The nomogram model was constructed based on the above results of multivariate analysis, and the consistency index of it was 0.841, and ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of the nomogram model to predict the risk of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysm was 0.836 (95%CI: 0.785-0.879, P<0.001), and the sensitivity was 83.33% and the specificity was 75.93%.

Conclusion

History of hypertension, Hunt-Hess grade at admission, CT Fisher grade at admission, WFNS grade at admission, wide necked aneurysms, brain edema and re rupture of aneurysms are the risk factors of brain hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms, and the prediction nomogram model based on this has good discrimination, and the prediction efficiency is high, which can provide a reference for early individualized prediction of the risk of cerebral hernia and identification of high-risk patients.

表1 并发组与未并发组患者的临床资料比较[例(%)]
Tab.1 Comparison of clinical data between concurrent and non-concurrent groups [n(%)]
资料 并发组(n=48) 未并发组(n=350) χ2 P
性别     0.185 0.667
19(39.58) 150(42.86)    
29(60.42) 200(57.14)    
年龄     3.692 0.055
≥60岁 30(62.50) 167(47.71)    
<60岁 18(37.50) 183(52.29)    
动脉瘤位置     0.623 0.430
前循环 40(83.33) 306(87.43)    
后循环 8(16.67) 44(12.57)    
动脉瘤数量     0.595 0.440
多发 33(68.75) 259(74.00)    
单发 15(31.25) 91(26.00)    
发病至手术时间     0.575 0.448
>24 h 31(64.58) 206(58.86)    
≤24 h 17(35.42) 144(41.14)    
吸烟史 16(33.33) 82(23.43) 2.231 0.135
高血压史 44(91.67) 238(68.00) 11.449 0.001
糖尿病史 24(50.00) 129(36.86) 3.081 0.079
恶性肿瘤 2(4.17) 8(2.29) 0.084 0.773
重要脏器严重功能障碍 6(12.50) 21(6.00) 2.820 0.093
凝血功能不全 5(10.42) 14(4.00) 3.823 0.051
动脉瘤最大径     2.911 0.233
>10 mm 9(18.75) 49(14.00)    
3~10 mm 31(64.58) 265(75.71)    
<3 mm 8(16.67) 36(10.29)    
入院时Hunt-Hess分级     25.702 <0.001
Ⅰ~Ⅲ 30(62.50) 313(89.43)    
Ⅳ~Ⅴ 18(37.50) 37(10.57)    
入院时CT Fisher分级     43.456 <0.001
Ⅰ~Ⅱ 22(45.83) 300(85.71)    
Ⅲ~Ⅳ 26(54.17) 50(14.29)    
入院时WFNS分级     37.000 <0.001
Ⅰ~Ⅱ 4(8.33) 193(55.14)    
Ⅲ~Ⅴ 44(91.67) 157(44.86)    
术前GCS评分     3.439 0.179
3~8分 10(20.83) 40(11.43)    
9~12分 6(12.50) 45(12.86)    
13~15分 32(66.67) 265(75.71)    
手术方式     2.902 0.088
单纯弹簧圈栓塞 27(56.25) 240(68.57)    
支架辅助下弹簧圈 21(43.75) 110(31.43)    
手术时间     4.459 0.035
>2 h 15(31.25) 64(18.29)    
≤2 h 33(68.75) 286(81.71)    
术后动脉瘤栓塞程度     6.038 0.049
完全致密栓塞 23(47.52) 214(61.14)    
大部栓塞(瘤颈残留) 17(35.42) 111(31.71)    
部分栓塞 8(16.67) 25(7.14)    
术中低血压 4(8.33) 12(3.43) 1.514 0.219
术中心率增快 6(12.50) 18(5.43) 3.586 0.058
术后神经源性休克 1(2.08) 5(1.43) 0.080 0.778
抗癫痫治疗 7(14.58) 79(22.57) 1.590 0.207
宽颈动脉瘤 21(43.75) 64(18.29) 16.296 <0.001
脑积水 7(14.58) 22(6.29) 4.302 0.038
脑水肿 27(56.25) 25(7.14) 89.619 <0.001
动脉瘤再次破裂 10(20.83) 14(4.00) 21.108 <0.001
表2 单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果
Tab.2 Single factor and multivariate Logistic regression analysis results
项目 单因素 多因素
P OR 95%CI β值 标准误 Wald值 P OR 95%CI
男性 0.325 1.164 0.553~1.847 - - - - - -
年龄≥60岁 0.066 1.572 0.865~2.114 - - - - - -
动脉瘤位置前循环 0.296 1.193 0.592~1.886 - - - - - -
动脉瘤多发 0.299 1.206 0.623~1.914 - - - - - -
发病至手术时间>24 h 0.305 1.224 0.675~1.958 - - - - - -
吸烟史 0.172 1.185 0.604~1.907 - - - - - -
高血压史 <0.001 3.142 2.125~5.013 1.113 0.356 9.774 <0.001 3.043 2.071~4.982
糖尿病史 0.071 1.528 0.861~2.104 - - - - - -
恶性肿瘤 0.386 1.092 0.495~1.674 - - - - - -
重要脏器严重功能障碍 0.084 1.453 0.841~2.039 - - - - - -
凝血功能不全 0.065 1.598 0.885~2.182 - - - - - -
动脉瘤最大径>10 mm 0.141 1.372 0.769~1.958 - - - - - -
入院时Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ~Ⅴ级 <0.001 4.319 2.795~6.476 1.436 0.372 14.901 <0.001 4.204 2.638~6.204
入院时CT Fisher分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 <0.001 5.428 3.302~7.084 1.655 0.343 23.281 <0.001 5.233 3.117~6.845
入院时WFNS分级Ⅲ~Ⅴ级 <0.001 4.813 3.016~6.698 1.529 0.362 17.840 <0.001 4.614 2.875~6.586
术前GCS评分3~8分 0.225 1.248 0.743~1.922 - - - - - -
支架辅助下弹簧圈 0.079 1.502 0.851~2.074 - - - - - -
手术时间>2 h 0.044 1.993 1.262~3.185 0.655 0.325 4.062 0.048 1.925 1.168~3.019
术后动脉瘤部分栓塞 0.049 1.814 1.002~2.648 0.601 0.309 3.783 0.051 1.823 0.952~2.659
术中低血压 0.172 1.392 0.818~2.276 - - - - - -
术中心率增快 0.072 1.569 0.878~2.133 - - - - - -
术后神经源性休克 0.436 1.087 0.498~1.861 - - - - - -
抗癫痫治疗 0.165 1.334 0.801~2.235 - - - - - -
宽颈动脉瘤 <0.001 3.739 2.363~5.317 1.279 0.383 11.152 <0.001 3.593 2.247~5.168
脑积水 0.048 1.942 1.229~3.135 0.603 0.308 3.833 0.050 1.828 0.956~2.671
脑水肿 <0.001 6.325 4.167~8.524 1.815 0.311 34.059 <0.001 6.141 3.872~8.243
动脉瘤再次破裂 <0.001 4.119 2.748~6.308 1.399 0.378 13.698 <0.001 4.051 2.512~5.876
图1 颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝风险的预测列线图模型
Fig.1 Predictive nomogram model for the risk of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for intracranial aneurysm rupture
图2 列线图模型预测颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝风险效能的校正曲线
Fig.2 Correction curve for predicting the risk of cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for intracranial aneurysm rupture by the nomogram model
图3 列线图模型预测颅内动脉瘤破裂介入术后并发脑疝的ROC曲线
Fig.3 ROC curve of predicting cerebral hernia after interventional surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms by the nomogram model
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