脑外伤通常由头部受到剧烈撞击或震动引起，可导致从轻微脑震荡到严重损伤，甚至死亡。脑外伤幸存者常常伴有运动、认知、言语等功能障碍。随着专业创伤中心和神经重症监护室的建立，脑外伤的死亡率逐渐下降，但残疾率不断增加，给患者、家庭和社会带来了巨大的负担。精准评估和适时介入康复治疗可有效改善和恢复脑外伤患者的神经和运动功能。本文围绕脑外伤康复的发展历程、康复评定、康复治疗和特殊临床问题的处理，以及最新技术的应用展开述评，并对未来的发展方向进行展望，旨在为该领域的专业人士和患者提供参考，为相关领域的研究与实践提供指导和启示。

Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is usually caused by severe impact or vibration on the head， which can lead to mild concussion， severe injury， and even death. Survivors of TBI often have functional impairments such as motor， cognitive， and speech impairments. With the establishment of professional trauma centers and neurological intensive care units， the mortality rate of TBI has gradually decreased， but the disability rate has continued to increase， bringing huge burdens to patients， families，and society. Accurate assessment and timely intervention in rehabilitation therapy can effectively improve and restore the neurological and motor function of patients with TBI. This article provides an overview of the development process， rehabilitation assessment， rehabilitation treatment， and handling of special clinical problems in TBI rehabilitation， as well as the application of the latest technologies. It also looks forward to future development directions， aiming to provide valuable insights for professionals and patients in this field， and provide guidance and inspiration for research and practice in related fields.