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中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03) : 161 -170. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-123X.2025.03.005

临床研究

虚拟现实技术对脑卒中患者认知和负性情绪影响的Meta分析
王珊珊1, 王文2, 杨启亮3, 张文朝3, 崔宁宁4, 李婷3,()   
  1. 1716000 陕西延安,延安大学经济管理学院
    2730030 兰州,兰州大学第二临床医学院
    3716000 陕西延安,延安大学延安医学院
    4300072 天津,天津大学医学院
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-15 出版日期:2025-06-15
  • 通信作者: 李婷

Effects of virtual reality technology on cognition and negative emotions in stroke patients: Meta-analysis

Shanshan Wang1, Wen Wang2, Qiliang Yang3, Wenchao Zhang3, Ningning Cui4, Ting Li3,()   

  1. 1Economics and Management School of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
    2The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
    3Yan'an Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
    4Medicine School of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  • Received:2024-11-15 Published:2025-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Ting Li
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(72261032)
引用本文:

王珊珊, 王文, 杨启亮, 张文朝, 崔宁宁, 李婷. 虚拟现实技术对脑卒中患者认知和负性情绪影响的Meta分析[J/OL]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(03): 161-170.

Shanshan Wang, Wen Wang, Qiliang Yang, Wenchao Zhang, Ningning Cui, Ting Li. Effects of virtual reality technology on cognition and negative emotions in stroke patients: Meta-analysis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Brain Diseases and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 15(03): 161-170.

目的

系统评价虚拟现实(VR)技术治疗脑卒中患者认知功能与负性情绪的干预效果。

方法

计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library数据库中有关VR技术治疗脑卒中患者认知与心理健康的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限为建库至2024年6月21日,共获得文献5545篇,由2名人员对文献查重、筛选、信息提取,并逐一评价纳入研究的偏倚风险。VR训练组采用VR技术联合其他传统治疗方法,对照组单纯采用与VR训练组对应的传统治疗方法,共纳入12个结局指标,归纳为9个维度。使用RevMan5.4和Stata17.0软件进行Meta分析。

结果

共纳入29个RCT,包括1516例患者,其中VR训练组727例,对照组789例。VR训练组中脑卒中患者的整体认知功能(SMD=0.69,95%CI:0.40~0.99)、感知功能(MD=2.19,95%CI:1.30~3.19)、语言功能(MD=9.87,95%CI:7.47~12.26)、记忆功能(MD=2.59,95%CI:2.00~3.18)、抑郁情绪(MD=-2.92,95%CI:-4.55~-1.29)和焦虑情绪(SMD=-0.61,95%CI:-1.17~-0.04)的得分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者执行能力、注意力、视空间能力的得分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

VR技术训练可有效改善脑卒中患者的整体认知、焦虑与抑郁情绪,但对于执行能力、注意力、视空间能力的影响仍需进一步研究验证。

Objective

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) technology in improving cognitive function and alleviating negative emotions among stroke patients.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating VR-based 1nterventions for cognitive and mental health outcomes in stroke patients were retrieved from China Knowledge Network, WANFANG, Wipro database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases (inception to June 21, 2024). After screening 5545 records, two researchers independently performed deduplication, study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. The VR group used VR technology combined with conventional therapy, while the control group only used the conventional therapy. A total of 12 outcome indicators were categorized into 9 domains. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0.

Results

A total of 29 RCTs were included, including 1516 patients, including 727 in the VR group and 789 in the control group. In the VR training group, the scores of overall cognitive function (SMD=0.69, 95%CI: 0.40-0.99), perceptual function (MD=2.19, 95%CI: 1.30~3.19), language function (MD=9.87, 95%CI: 7.47-12.26), memory function (MD=2.59, 95%CI: 2.00-3.18), depression [MD=-2.92, 95%CI: (-4.55)-(-1.29)] and anxiety [SMD=-0.61, 95%CI: (-1.17)-(-0.04)] of stroke patients were the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the scores of executive ability, attention and visuospatial ability between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions

VR training effectively improves global cognition, language function, and alleviates anxiety/depression in stroke patients, while its effects on executive function, attention, and visuospatial ability require further validation.

图1 文献检索和筛选过程
Fig.1 Literature search and selection process
表1 纳入文献的基本资料
Tab.1 Basic information of the included literature
纳入研究 国家 例数 年龄(岁) 干预措施 对照措施 疗程 结局指标 PEDro得分(分)
T C T C
Gueye等[13],2021 捷克 25 25 66.56±12.26 68.12±11.97 VR训练 OT 3周 6
Akinci等[14],2024 土耳其 17 17 59.18±8.89 59.12±13.22 VR训练+OT OT 6周 7
Oh等[15],2019 韩国 17 14 57.4±12.2 52.6±10.7 VR训练 OT 6周 ①② 8
林玮佳等[16],2023 中国 30 30 59.64±4.80 60.23±5.10 VR认知训练+多奈哌齐 传统认知训练+多奈哌齐 3个月 ①② 6
Maier等[17],2020 西班牙 16 14 45~75 45~75 VR认知训练 传统认知训练 18周 ①②④⑦⑧⑩ 8
于梅青等[18],2021 中国 20 18 60.75±12.54 63.17±11.12 VR训练+OT OT 30 d ①④ 7
Manuli等[19],2020 意大利 30/ 30 48.0±12.1 40.1±10.7 VR训练+机器人辅助训练 机器人辅助训练 8周 ①⑦⑧⑩ 6
黄爱茹等[20],2022 中国 48 48 59.62±9.35 58.15±7.64 VR训练+OT OT 4周 ①⑨ 6
Torrisi等[21],2021 意大利 24 24 53.2±12.1 55.3±8.7 VR手部训练 传统手部训练 8周 ①⑩ 6
许方军等[22],2021 中国 44 44 55.36±10.13 57.82±11.94 VR认知训练+OT OT+传统认知训练 4周 ②③ 7
付亏杰等[23],2019 中国 20 20 54.00±4.96 54.15±6.92 VR训练+OT OT 4周 ②③ 6
李佳等[24],2019 中国 25 25 56.80±10.44 53.88±10.40 VR训练 OT 2周 ②⑤ 7
Adomavičienė等[25],2019 立陶宛 17 25 66(60.5~70) 62(61~69) VR训练+OT+机器人辅助训练 OT+机器人辅助训练 2周 ②⑥ 7
Kim等[26],2011 韩国 15 13 66.5±11.0 66.5±11.0 VR认知训练 传统认知训练 4周 ②⑦ 6
Lee等[27],2020 韩国 11 11 58.18±8.22 59.09±11.65 VR训练 OT 4周 6
陶林花等[28],2015 中国 20 20 63.70±8.70 62.05±10.17 VR训练+OT OT 8周 6
Park等[29],2015 韩国 15 15 64.7±8.9 65.2±8.0 VR训练 OT 4周 ③⑫ 6
王丽琴等[30],2022 中国 20 20 48.25±11.39 49.10±11.62 VR训练+OT OT 6周 6
沈林芳等[31],2017 中国 40 40 56.89±10.11 57.33±9.54 VR训练+OT OT 8周 6
许楠婕和何予工[32],2020 中国 36 36 52.33±5.37 51.67±4.61 VR训练 OT 4周 6
阮丽英等[33],2021 中国 30 30 64.6±3.02 65.1±3.11 VR训练+OT OT 4周 ④⑤ 6
de Rooij等[34],2021 荷兰 28 24 65(57~70) 61(53~71) VR训练 OT 6周 ④⑤ 6
Lin等[35],2020 中国 38 107 64.5±13.5 66.9±13.3 VR训练+OT OT 6周 8
Unibaso-Markaida等[36],2019 西班牙 15 15 60±15 60±15 VR训练+运动锻炼 运动锻炼 8周 ⑦⑧ 7
陈姣姣等[37],2016 中国 25 25 60.68±9.19 59.56±8.38 VR训练+OT+人工记忆训练 OT+人工记忆训练 6周 8
温鸿源等[38],2017 中国 40 40 61.9±6.9 63.7±7.8 VR训练+OT+人工记忆训练 OT+人工记忆训练 2个月 6
Braley等[39],2021 美国 17 15 58.9±10 64.2±9.9 VR训练 OT 10周 6
叶维霞等[40],2020 中国 30 30 65.11±6.92 64.98±7.13 VR训练+言语训练 言语训练 8周 6
Choi等[41],2018 韩国 14 14 49.50±23.00 51.00±13.75 VR训练+OT OT 6周 7
表2 虚拟现实技术对脑卒中后患者认知功能及负性情绪的Meta分析结果
Tab.2 Meta-analysis results of virtual reality technology on cognitive function and negative emotion in post-stroke patients
图2 纳入文献的偏移风险比例图
Fig.2 Migration risk scale diagram of the included literature
图3 主效应指标逐个剔除研究的敏感性分析图A:蒙特利尔认知评估量表;B:简易精神状况检查量表;C:汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表
Fig.3 Sensitivity analysis diagram of the main outcome indicators by excluding studies one by one
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