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中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (01) : 19 -25. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-123X.2026.01.003

临床研究

Th17细胞/IL-17A对抗NMDAR抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎患者临床结局的影响
胡家宁1, 顾欣童1, 金雨诗1, 朱姗姗1, 何荧1, 余年2,()   
  1. 1211166 南京,南京医科大学第四临床医学院
    2210029 南京,南京医科大学附属脑科医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-11 出版日期:2026-02-15
  • 通信作者: 余年

Effect of Th17 cells/IL-17A on the prognosis of patients of anti-NMDAR antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis

Jianing Hu1, Xintong Gu1, Yushi Jin1, Shanshan Zhu1, Ying He1, Nian Yu2,()   

  1. 1the Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
    2Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
  • Received:2025-03-11 Published:2026-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Nian Yu
  • Supported by:
    the University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Jiangsu Province(202210312078Y); Jiangsu Province Sixth 333 Talent Project((2022)3-1-286); the General Research Project of Nanjing Municipal Health Commission(YKK2116)
引用本文:

胡家宁, 顾欣童, 金雨诗, 朱姗姗, 何荧, 余年. Th17细胞/IL-17A对抗NMDAR抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎患者临床结局的影响[J/OL]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(01): 19-25.

Jianing Hu, Xintong Gu, Yushi Jin, Shanshan Zhu, Ying He, Nian Yu. Effect of Th17 cells/IL-17A on the prognosis of patients of anti-NMDAR antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Brain Diseases and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 16(01): 19-25.

目的

探讨血清及脑脊液(CSF)中辅助性T细胞17(Th17细胞)/白细胞介素-17A(IL-17A)水平变化对抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎(AE)患者临床结局的影响。

方法

选取南京医科大学附属脑科医院神经内科自2013年10月至2020年1月收治的抗NMDAR抗体阳性AE患者,收集患者前驱症状、首发症状、主要临床表现、脑电图(EEG)、影像学特征与治疗方法,同时检测其发病初期血清及CSF中Th17细胞/IL-17A水平。所有患者均在发病2年后进行随访,评估其临床后遗症状和改良Rankin量表(mRS)的评分,评分≥2分纳入预后不良组,评分≤1分纳入预后良好组。比较2组患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归法分析Th17细胞/IL-17A变化对患者临床结局的影响。

结果

共纳入54例患者,其中预后不良组20例,预后良好组34例。预后不良组患者CSF中IL-17A水平[72.15(32.60,102.15)pg/mL]和抗NMDAR抗体滴度[100.0(32.0,1000.0)],以及血清IL-17A水平[190.05(91.9,381.20)pg/mL]和抗NMDAR抗体滴度[32.0(10.0,1000.0)]明显高于预后良好组患者[20.15(11.93,61.43)pg/mL、10.0(3.2,32.0),47.55(33.88,101.83)pg/mL、10.0(3.2,32.0)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组患者中以精神行为异常起病者的占比为50%(10/20),显著低于预后良好组(76.74%,26/34),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,发病时血清IL-17A水平和抗NMDAR抗体滴度水平升高是此类型AE患者临床预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

早期CSF和血清中IL-17A及CSF中Th17细胞水平升高均提示抗NMDAR抗体相关AE患者可能临床预后不良,而发病时血清中较高的IL-17A水平和抗NMDAR抗体滴度是其预后不佳的独立影响因素,有望成为早期确定AE临床结局的生物标志物。

Objective

To investigate the impact of changes in T helper 17 (Th17) cell/interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on the clinical outcomes of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis (AE).

Methods

Patients with anti-NMDAR antibody-positive AE admitted to the Neurology Department of the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from October 2013 to January 2020 were enrolled. Clinical data including prodromal symptoms, initial symptoms, main clinical manifestations, electroencephalography (EEG) findings, brain imaging features and treatment methods were collected. Meanwhile, the levels of Th17 cells and IL-17A in serum and CSF were detected at the early stage of disease onset. All enrolled patients were followed up for at least 2 years after disease onset. Clinical sequelae and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores were assessed. Patients with an mRS score≥2 were defined as the poor prognosis group, while those with a score≤1 were assigned to the good prognosis group. Further analysis was conducted to explore the effect of Th17 cell/IL-17A level changes on patients' clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 54 patients were included in the study, with 20 cases in the poor prognosis group and 34 cases in the good prognosis group. The levels of IL-17A [72.15 (32.60, 102.15) pg/mL] and anti-NMDAR antibody titer [100.0 (32.0, 1000.0)] in CSF, as well as the levels of IL-17A [190.05 (91.9, 381.20) pg/mL] and anti-NMDAR antibody titer [32.0 (10.0, 1000.0)] in serum of the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group [20.15 (11.93, 61.43) pg/mL, 10.0 (3.2, 32.0), 47.55 (33.88, 101.83) pg/mL, 10.0 (3.2, 32.0)], with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Among patients in the poor prognosis group, 50% (10/20) had presented with mental and behavioral abnormalities, which was significantly lower than that in the good prognosis group (76.74%, 26/34), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated serum levels of IL-17A and anti-NMDAR antibody titers at the time of onset were independent risk factors associated with poor clinical prognosis in patients with this type of AE (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Elevated levels of IL-17A in early CSF and serum, as well as increased Th17 cell levels in CSF, may indicate a potential poor prognosis of the anti-NMDAR antibody-associated AE patients. Moreover, higher serum IL-17A levels and anti-NMDAR antibody titers at disease onset are independent predictors of poor prognosis. These indicators are expected to serve as biomarkers for early identification of clinical outcomes in AE.

表1 2组抗NMDAR脑炎患者的临床资料比较
Tab.1 Comparison of clinical data between two groups of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis
项目 合计(n=54) 预后良好组(n=34) 预后不良组(n=20) Z/t P
性别[例(%)]       0.499 0.480
33(61.11) 22(64.71) 11(55.00)    
21(38.89) 12(35.29) 9(45.00)    
年龄[岁,MQ1,Q3)] 24.0(19.0,32.0) 23.5(19.0,30.0) 28.0(19.0,33.5) -0.915 0.360
血清IL-17A[pg/mL,MQ1,Q3)] 87.60(40.45,234.90) 47.55(33.88,101.83) 190.05(91.90,381.20) -3.439 0.001
血清抗NMDAR抗体滴度[MQ1,Q3)] 10.0(3.2,32.0) 10.0(3.2,32.0) 32.0(10.0,1000.0) -2.774 0.006
CSF IL-17A[pg/mL,MQ1,Q3)] 31.30(14.65,87.25) 20.15(11.93,61.43) 72.15(32.60,102.15) -2.991 0.003
CSF抗NMDAR抗体滴度[MQ1,Q3)] 32.0(3.2,100.0) 10.0(3.2,32.0) 100.0(32.0,1000.0) -3.784 0.006
CSF Th17细胞计数[个/HF,MQ1,Q3)] 8.00(5.00.15.25) 7.50(5.00,10.50) 10.50(6.25,19.50) -1.903 0.057
CSF白细胞总数[×106个,MQ1,Q3)] 16.00(5.00,36.25) 16.50(5.75,36.75) 15.00(3.50,38.00) -0.072 0.943
CSF中性粒细胞百分比[%,MQ1,Q3)] 0(0,0) 0(0,0) 0(0,0.75) -0.333 0.739
CSF单核细胞百分比[%,MQ1,Q3)] 11.50(2.00,40.00) 10.50(5.00,30.00) 12.00(4.25,30.00) -0.038 0.970
CSF蛋白[g/L,MQ1,Q3)] 0.44(0.10,1.19) 0.45(0.29,0.60) 0.42(0.24,0.75) 0.557 0.582
CSF葡萄糖[mmol/L,MQ1,Q3)] 3.29(2.95,3.62) 3.27(2.81,3.66) 3.34(3.02,3.59) -0.215 0.830
CSF氯[mmol/L,MQ1,Q3)] 120.85(119.52,123.08) 121.80(119.98,124.43) 120.00(119.00,122.00) -2.114 0.135
CSF球蛋白[g/L,MQ1,Q3)] 31.30(21.13,46.10) 31.30(21.68,38.33) 30.60(19.48,55.95) -0.555 0.579
CSF白蛋白[g/L,MQ1,Q3)] 187.50(138.00,24.50) 233.15(140.00,264.75) 162.00(123.75,316.75) -0.582 0.560
癫痫起病[例(%)] 25(46.30) 15(44.12) 10(50.00) 0.175 0.675
精神行为异常[例(%)] 36(66.67) 26(76.47) 10(50.00) 3.971 0.046
前期发热[例(%)] 26(48.15) 17(50.00) 9(45.00) 0.126 0.723
复发型[例(%)] 39(72.22) 24(70.59) 15(75.00) 0.122 0.727
EEG异常[例(%)] 43(79.63) 27(79.41) 16(80.00) 0.003 0.623
局灶性脑电异常[例(%)] 10(18.52) 5(14.71) 5(25.00) 0.884 0.471
节律性慢波[例(%)] 42(77.78) 25(73.53) 17(85.00) 0.959 0.500
棘/尖波[例(%)] 9(16.67) 5(14.71) 4(20.00) 0.254 0.712
MR脑炎病灶[例(%)] 16(29.63) 10(29.41) 6(30.00) 0.002 0.964
MR脑叶受累[例(%)] 15(27.78) 10(29.41) 5(25.00) 0.122 0.727
同时治疗[例(%)] 31(57.41) 18(52.94) 13(65.00) 0.749 0.387
症状组数[例(%)]       -0.197 0.844
1 11(20.37) 7(20.59) 4(20.00)    
2 11(20.37) 6(17.65) 5(25.00)    
3 22(40.74) 15(44.12) 7(35.00)    
4 9(16.67) 5(14.71) 4(20.00)    
5 1(1.85) 1(2.94) 0    
复发次数[例(%)]       -0.185 0.853
0次 17(31.48) 11(32.35) 6(30.00)    
1次 4(7.41) 2(5.88) 2(10.00)    
2次 15(27.78) 9(26.47) 6(30.00)    
3次 11(20.37) 7(20.59) 4(20.00)    
4次 3(5.56) 3(8.82) 0    
5次 4(7.41) 2(5.88) 2(10.00)    
表2 影响抗NMDAR脑炎患者预后的多因素Logistic回归分析
Tab.2 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis
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