腰大池引流术（LD）可缓慢、持续、充分引流颅内异常的脑脊液（主要包括血性脑脊液、炎症性脑脊液等），促进新的脑脊液产生，建立脑脊液循环，达到近期最佳治疗效果，同时可以最大程度地减少远期脑积水的发生率。此外，通过腰大池外引流管可监测颅内压及鞘内给药，起诊断及治疗的作用，已在蛛网膜下腔出血、脑室内出血、颅内感染等神经外科常见疾病中得到广泛应用，治疗效果显著。与此同时，脑脊液漏、颅内感染等LD后并发症是急需解决的问题，也是影响该项技术广泛应用的主要原因，因此皮下隧道式腰大池引流术（TLD）应运而生。本文就TLD在神经外科的临床应用进行综述，以期为临床诊治提供重要参考依据，达到充分引流异常脑脊液而又有效减少并发症的目的，从而改善患者的近期及远期预后。

Lumbar drainage (LD) serves as a vital diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in neurosurgery. Its key role involves the gradual, sustained, and effective removal of pathological cerebrospinal fluid, such as hemorrhagic or inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid, from the intracranial compartment. By facilitating the generation of fresh cerebrospinal fluid and reestablishing physiological cerebrospinal fluid circulation, this procedure accelerates cerebrospinal fluid normalization. This process not only optimizes short-term treatment outcomes but also helps reduce the long-term risk of hydrocephalus. Furthermore, the external lumbar drain enables continuous intracranial pressure monitoring and permits intrathecal medication delivery, extending its utility to both diagnostic and therapeutic domains. The technique is extensively employed in managing common neurosurgical conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and intracranial infections, where it has demonstrated considerable clinical effectiveness. Despite its evident clinical value, post-procedural complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection remain significant challenges, often discouraging broader adoption of this method. In response, the tunneled lumbar drainage (TLD) has been introduced to mitigate these risks. This review examines the clinical applications of TLD in neurosurgical practice, with the objective of offering evidence-based insights to enhance clinical management. The aim is to promote efficient drainage of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid while minimizing associated complications, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes in both the immediate and extended postoperative periods.