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中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版)

中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (03) : 170 -176. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-123X.2026.03.006

综述

干细胞治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的研究进展
齐洪武1,†(), 李晶晶2   
  1. 1050082　石家庄，解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院神经外科
    2230031　合肥，安徽中医药大学第一附属医院中医特色门诊
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 出版日期:2026-06-15
  • 通信作者: 齐洪武

Research progress on stem cell therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Hongwu Qi1,†(), Jingjing Li2   

  1. 1Department of Neurosurgery, the 980th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
    2Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialty Nursing Clinic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Published:2026-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Hongwu Qi
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Program of Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020259)
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齐洪武, 李晶晶. 干细胞治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2026, 16(03): 170-176.

Hongwu Qi, Jingjing Li. Research progress on stem cell therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Brain Diseases and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 16(03): 170-176.

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）是一种致死致残率极高的脑血管急症。尽管外科手术及重症监护技术持续进步，但患者整体预后仍不理想，早期脑损伤、迟发性脑缺血及慢性并发症严重制约患者的康复进程。干细胞疗法因其多向分化潜能、强大的免疫调节功能及神经修复特性，是aSAH极具潜力的新型治疗策略。本文系统阐述aSAH的病理机制，深入解析干细胞疗法的治疗潜力与作用机制，梳理初步临床研究证据，并探讨当前面临的挑战与未来研究方向，以期为干细胞治疗aSAH的基础研究与临床转化提供理论依据。

关键词: 动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血, 干细胞疗法, 间充质干细胞, 细胞外囊泡, 早期脑损伤, 迟发性脑缺血, 神经发生, 免疫调节

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a cerebrovascular emergency associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality. Although surgical interventions and intensive care techniques have been continuously improved, the overall prognosis of patients remains poor, since early brain injury, delayed cerebral ischemia, and chronic complications severely hinder neurological rehabilitation. Stem cell therapy, owing to its multidirectional differentiation potential, potent immunomodulatory functions, and neurorestorative properties, serves as a promising novel therapeutic strategy for aSAH. This article systematically elaborates the pathological mechanisms of aSAH, systematically analyzes the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of stem cell therapy, reviews preliminary clinical evidence, and discusses current translational challenges and future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for basic research and clinical translation of stem cell therapy in aSAH treatment.

Key words: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Stem cell therapy, Mesenchymal stem cells, Extracellular vesicles, Early brain injury, Delayed cerebral ischemia, Neurogenesis, Immunomodulation
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