缺血性脑卒中与外周免疫应答的研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-123X.2023.03.008

缺血性脑卒中（IS）是脑卒中最常见的类型，约占70%~80%。IS起病急，脑组织可在短时间内缺血缺氧性坏死，造成梗死灶累及功能区出现严重的临床表现，不仅使患者生活质量下降，严重者可威胁生命。外周免疫应答在IS的整个发病过程中发挥着关键的调控作用，中性粒细胞、中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）、调节性T细胞（Tregs）以及补体系统都与IS的发生和发展密切相关。本文主要阐述了中性粒细胞、NETs、Tregs和补体系统在IS中的作用机制以及IS的炎症反应机制，发掘潜在的IS治疗靶点，为IS治疗提供新的研究方向。

关键词: 缺血性脑卒中, 免疫细胞, 中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网, 补体

Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most common type of stroke, accounting for about 70%-80%. The onset of IS is abrupt, and the brain tissue undergoes ischemic and hypoxic necrosis in a short period of time, resulting in severe clinical manifestations in the functional areas involved in the infarction, which not only reduces the quality of life of patients, but also threatens life in severe cases. The peripheral immune response plays a key regulatory role in the entire pathogenesis of IS. Neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the complement system are closely related to the occurrence and development of IS. This paper mainly expounds the mechanism of neutrophils, NETs, Tregs and complement system in IS and the inflammatory response mechanism of IS. All these mechanisms may become potential therapeutic targets for IS in the future, providing research directions for the treatment of IS in the future.

Key words: Ischemic stroke, Immune cells, Neutrophil extracellular traps, Complement

图1 Tregs在缺血性脑卒中早期神经保护作用部分机制

Fig.1 Partial mechanism of neuroprotective effect of Tregs in early ischemic stroke

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Research progress of ischemic stroke and peripheral immune response

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Research progress of ischemic stroke and peripheral immune response