周围神经电刺激（PNS）是一种治疗多种神经系统疾病的非药物干预手段，可通过刺激周围神经来调节神经传导达到治疗和缓解症状的目的。近年来，PNS在临床应用和研究领域取得了显著的进展。在疼痛管理方面，PNS已被广泛用于慢性疼痛的治疗，例如带状疱疹后神经痛和糖尿病性周围神经病，可减轻患者的疼痛症状，改善生活质量，并减少对药物的依赖；PNS也被应用于其他神经系统疾病的治疗，如偏头痛、昏迷患者的促醒和周围神经损伤。随着应用领域的不断深入，PNS在改善症状、促进康复和提高生活质量方面的应用备受关注。本文围绕PNS在上述疾病治疗方面的机制研究、应用进展进行综述。

Periperial nerve stimulation (PNS) is a non-pharmacological intervention used to treat a variety of neurological disorders. This technique works by stimulating the peripheral nerves to regulate neural conduction and achieve the goal of treatment and symptom relief. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the clinical application and research of PNS. In the field of pain management, PNS has been widely used for the treatment of chronic pain, such as postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It can reduce pain symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce dependence on medications. In addition, PNS has also been applied in the treatment of other neurological disorders, such as migraines, arousal of comatose patients, and peripheral nerve injuries. Extensive research has been conducted in these areas of application, and many studies have shown the potential of PNS in improving symptoms, promoting rehabilitation, and enhancing quality of life. This article aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms and progress of PNS in the treatment of the aforementioned diseases.