Epilepsy is a serious, recurrent, multifactorial neurological disorder, with approximately one-third of patients developing refractory epilepsy (RE). Recently, neuroregulatory therapy has emerged as an alternative treatment option to reduce the onset of RE, including invasive neuromodulation techniques such as vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and reactive nerve stimulation, as well as non-invasive neuroregulatory techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and transcranial ultrasound stimulation. This paper reviews the basic introduction, key elements and clinical research of neuroregulation technology in RE, aiming to evaluate the scientific basis for the application of neural regulation technology in RE patients and provide ideas for developing appropriate RE treatment plans.